I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo nā huahana polyurethane i mea kaulana loa, e like me nā paneli mālama anuanu i hana ʻia e Harbin Dongʻan Building Sheets ma Kina, i hana ʻia me nā mea polyurethane.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka polyurethane i thermosetting a me thermoplastic, a hiki ke hana ʻia i polyurethane plastics (ka nui o nā plastics foam), polyurethane fibers (spandex), a me polyurethane elastomers. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea polyurethane ua kapa ʻia ʻo thermosetting, e like me ka palupalu, paʻakikī a me ka semi-rigid polyurethane foams.
Hoʻohana pinepine ka hana hou ʻana o ka polyurethane i nā ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe kino, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano a me ka waiwai. Ma ke ʻano kikoʻī, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻano hana hou:
ʻO kēia ʻano hana ka ʻenehana hana hou i hoʻohana nui ʻia. Hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka ʻūhā polyurethane palupalu i mau ʻāpana kenimika e ka mea wili, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka polyurethane adhesive reactive i loko o ka mea hui. ʻO ka mea hoʻopili i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ka hui pū ʻana o ka polyurethane foam a i ʻole NCO hoʻopau prepolymer e pili ana i ka polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). I ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopili paʻa PAPI no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka hui ʻana o ka mahu. I ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka polyurethane ʻōpala, hoʻohui i 90% polyurethane ʻōpala a me 10% adhesive, hui like, a i ʻole e hoʻohui i kekahi mau kala, a laila kaomi i ka hui.
ʻO ka ʻenehana hana hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻaʻole wale ka loli nui, akā he ʻano nui hoʻi i nā waiwai mechanical o ka huahana hope. ʻO ke ʻano hana hou ʻana o nā huahana polyurethane ʻo ia ka hana hou ʻana i ka polyurethane foam ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōpala ʻōpala e like me nā koena ʻōpala palupalu, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke kāpeti, ka moena haʻuki, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kani a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻōpala palupalu a me nā mea hoʻopili i nā huahana e like me nā pad lalo kaʻa ma kahi mahana a me ke kaomi; Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me ka mahana, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā mea paʻakikī e like me nā hale pahū.
Hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ka polyurethane foam a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana (RIM) polyurethane elastomer ma ke ʻano like. Ka hui ʻana i nā ʻōpala me nā isocyanate prepolymers no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka wela, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā pale paipu no nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana pipeline. | 2、Hoʻowili wela Thermosetting polyurethane soft foam a me RIM polyurethane huahana loaʻa kekahi mau mea palupalu wela a me ka plasticity i loko o ke ana wela o 100-200 ℃. Ma lalo o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka polyurethane ʻōpala i kekahi i kekahi me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā adhesives. I mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā huahana i hana hou ʻia, pono pinepine ia e ʻoki i ka ʻōpala a laila wela a paʻi i ke ʻano.
Aia nā kūlana hana i ke ʻano o ka ʻōpala polyurethane a me ka huahana i hana hou ʻia. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻōpala palupalu palupalu polyurethane no kekahi mau minuke ma ke kaomi ʻana o 1-30MPa a me kahi pae wela o 100-220 ° C e hana ai i nā mea haʻalulu, nā pale lepo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia kēia ʻano hana i ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻāpana automotive polyurethane ʻano RIM. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hana ʻia nā pani puka kaʻa a me nā mea hana me ka 6% RIM polyurethane pauka a me 15% fiberglass. | 3、Hoʻohana ʻia i mea hoʻopiha Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻūhā palupalu polyurethane i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka wili ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, a hoʻohui ʻia ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ia mau mea i nā polyols no ka hana ʻana i ka polyurethane foam a i ʻole nā huahana ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻihoʻi wale i nā mea polyurethane ʻōpala, akā hoʻemi maikaʻi hoʻi. ke kumukūʻai huahana. ʻO ka maʻiʻo o ka pauka haʻihaʻi i loko o ka MDI ma muli o ke anuanu polyurethane foam hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka 15%, a hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka 25% o ka pauka haʻi i loko o ka TDI ma muli o ka nui.
Hoʻokahi kaʻina hana, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻōpala ʻōpala ʻōpala mua i ʻoki ʻia i loko o ka polyether polyol foam palupalu, a laila wili ʻia i loko o kahi wili kūpono e hana i kahi hui "polyol i hana hou ʻia" i loko o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi no ka hana ʻana i ka huʻa palupalu.
Hiki ke ʻoki ʻia ka ʻōpala RIM polyurethane i ka pauka, i hui pū ʻia me nā mea maka, a laila hana ʻia i RIM elastomers. Ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpala polyurethane rigid foam a me ka ʻōpala polyisocyanurate (PIR), hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohui i 5% mea hana hou i ka hui ʻana e hana i ka ʻōpala paʻa. |
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua puka mai kahi ʻano hoʻola kemika hou
Ua hoʻomohala ka hui o ke Kulanui o Illinois i alakaʻi ʻia e Professor Steven Zimmerman i kahi ala no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻōpala polyurethane a hoʻololi iā ia i nā huahana pono ʻē aʻe.
Manaʻo ka haumāna puka kula ʻo Ephraim Morado e hoʻohana hou i nā polymers ma o nā hana kemika e hoʻonā i ka pilikia o ka ʻōpala polyurethane. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka polyurethane ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa a ua hana ʻia mai ʻelua mau mea paʻakikī e hoʻoheheʻe: isocyanates a me polyols.
ʻO nā polyols ke kī i ka pilikia, no ka mea, lawe ʻia lākou mai ka ʻaila a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia. No ka pale ʻana i kēia pilikia, ua hoʻohana ka hui noiʻi i kahi acetal mea hoʻoheheʻe maʻalahi a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana degradation i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā polymers me ka trichloroacetic acid a me ka dichloromethane i ka lumi wela no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hou. Ma ke ʻano he hōʻoia o ka manaʻo, hiki iā Morado ke hoʻololi i nā elastomers i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hoʻopili ʻana a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa i nā adhesives.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka drawback nui loa o kēia ʻano hana hou ʻana, ʻo ia ke kumukūʻai a me ka ʻona o nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hopena. No laila, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā mea noiʻi e ʻimi i kahi ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka haʻahaʻa loa e hoʻokō ai i ke kaʻina hana like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā solvents maʻalahi e like me ka vīnega no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hale ʻo Harbin Dongʻanpepas huie hahai pono i ka hana hou o ka ʻoihana a hoʻomau i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻenehana palekana kaiapuni, e hoʻomau mau ana i ka hana ʻana i nā panela polyurethane o Dongʻan i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ke olakino. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou e hoʻonui hou ʻia nā ʻenehana pale kaiapuni hou i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-09-2023