I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo nā huahana polyurethane i mea kaulana loa, e like me nā panela mālama anu i hana ʻia e Harbin Dong'an Building Sheets ma Kina, i hana ʻia me nā mea polyurethane.
Ma keʻano laulā, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka polyurethane i ka thermosetting a me ka thermoplastic, a hiki ke hana ʻia i nā plastics polyurethane (ʻo ia hoʻi nā plastics foam), nā olonā polyurethane (spandex), a me nā elastomers polyurethane. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea polyurethane i kapa ʻia he thermosetting, e like me nā foam polyurethane palupalu, paʻakikī a me ka semi-rigid.
Hoʻohana pinepine ka hana hou ʻana o ka polyurethane i nā ʻano hana hana kino, no ka mea, he kūpono a hoʻokele waiwai kēia ʻano hana. Ma ke ʻano kikoʻī, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻano hana hana hou:
ʻO kēia ʻano hana ka ʻenehana hana hou i hoʻohana nui ʻia. Kuʻi ʻia ka huʻa polyurethane palupalu i loko o kekahi mau ʻāpana kenimika e ka mea wili, a pīpī ʻia ka mea hoʻopili polyurethane reactive i loko o ka mea hui. ʻO ka mea hoʻopili i hoʻohana ʻia he hui pū ʻana o ka huʻa polyurethane a i ʻole ka prepolymer i hoʻopau ʻia e NCO ma muli o ka polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Ke hoʻohana nei i nā mea hoʻopili e pili ana i ka PAPI no ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka hui ʻana i ka mahu. I ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka polyurethane ʻōpala, e hoʻohui i ka 90% polyurethane ʻōpala a me 10% mea hoʻopili, e kāwili like, a i ʻole e hoʻohui i kekahi mau kala, a laila e kaomi i ke kāwili.
ʻAʻole wale ka ʻenehana hoʻopili ʻana i ka maʻalahi nui, akā he ʻano like ʻole hoʻi i nā waiwai mechanical o ka huahana hope loa. ʻO ke ʻano hana hou holomua loa o nā huahana polyurethane, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i ka huʻa polyurethane recycled ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka huʻa ʻōpala e like me nā koena huʻa palupalu, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo kāpeti, moena haʻuki, nā mea hoʻopaʻa leo a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana huʻa palupalu a me nā mea hoʻopili i nā huahana e like me nā pads lalo kaʻa ma kahi mahana a me ke kaomi; Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaomi a me ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana paʻakikī e like me nā hale pamu.
Hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka polyurethane foam paʻa a me ka reaction injection molding (RIM) polyurethane elastomer ma ke ʻano like. Ke kāwili ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻōpala me nā isocyanate prepolymers no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kaomi wela, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā brackets paipu no nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana pipeline. | 2、Hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kaomi wela Loaʻa i nā huahana polyurethane soft foam thermosetting a me nā huahana polyurethane RIM kekahi mau waiwai palupalu a me ka plasticity i ka pae mahana o 100-200 ℃. Ma lalo o ke ana wela a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka polyurethane ʻōpala kekahi i kekahi me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopili. I mea e ʻoi aku ka like o nā huahana hana hou ʻia, pono pinepine e wāwahi i ka ʻōpala a laila hoʻomehana a kaomi iā ia i ke ʻano.
Pili nā kūlana hana i ke ʻano o ka ʻōpala polyurethane a me ka huahana hana hou ʻia. No ka laʻana, hiki ke kaomi wela ʻia ka ʻōpala huʻa palupalu polyurethane no kekahi mau minuke ma ke kaomi o 1-30MPa a me kahi pae mahana o 100-220 ° C e hana i nā mea hoʻokuʻu haʻalulu, nā pale lepo, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.
Ua hoʻopili pono ʻia kēia ʻano hana i ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻāpana kaʻa polyurethane ʻano RIM. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hana ʻia nā panela puka kaʻa a me nā panela mea hana me kahi o 6% pauka polyurethane RIM a me 15% fiberglass. | 3、Hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka mea hoʻopiha Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka huʻa palupalu polyurethane i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma o ke kaʻina hana kuʻi a wili paha i ka mahana haʻahaʻa, a hoʻohui ʻia ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ia mau ʻāpana i nā polyols no ka hana ʻana i ka huʻa polyurethane a i ʻole nā huahana ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻihoʻi i nā mea polyurethane ʻōpala, akā e hoʻemi pono ana hoʻi i ke kumukūʻai huahana. ʻO ka nui o ka pauka haki i loko o ka huʻa polyurethane palupalu i hoʻōla anu ʻia e MDI ua kaupalena ʻia i 15%, a hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia he 25% o ka pauka haki i loko o ka huʻa wela i hoʻōla ʻia e TDI.
ʻO kekahi hana, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻōpala huʻa i ʻoki mua ʻia i loko o ka polyether polyol huʻa palupalu, a laila wili pulu iā ia i loko o kahi wili kūpono e hana i kahi hui "polyol hana hou ʻia" e loaʻa ana nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi no ka hana ʻana i ka huʻa palupalu.
Hiki ke kuʻi ʻia ka ʻōpala polyurethane RIM i pauka, kāwili ʻia me nā mea maka, a laila hana ʻia i loko o nā elastomers RIM. Ma hope o ka kuʻi ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpala polyurethane rigid foam a me ka ʻōpala polyisocyanurate (PIR), hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohui i 5% o nā mea hana hou ʻia i ka hui ʻana e hana i ka huʻa paʻa. |
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua puka mai kahi ʻano hana hoʻōla kemika hou
Ua hoʻomohala ke kime o ke Kulanui o Illinois i alakaʻi ʻia e Polofesa Steven Zimmerman i kahi ʻano hana no ka palaho ʻana i nā ʻōpala polyurethane a me ka hoʻololi ʻana iā ia i nā huahana pono ʻē aʻe.
Manaʻolana ke haumāna puka ʻo Ephraim Morado e hoʻohana hou i nā polymers ma o nā ʻano kemika e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka ʻōpala polyurethane. Eia nō naʻe, he kiʻekiʻe loa ke kūpaʻa o ka polyurethane a hana ʻia mai nā ʻāpana ʻelua i paʻakikī ke palaho: isocyanates a me polyols.
ʻO nā Polyols ke kī i ka pilikia, ʻoiai ua unuhi ʻia lākou mai ka petroleum a ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻohaumia ʻia. I mea e pale aku ai i kēia pilikia, ua lawe ka hui noiʻi i kahi ʻāpana kemika maʻalahi e hoʻohaumia ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai ʻo acetal. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana hoʻohaumia i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā polymers me ka trichloroacetic acid a me dichloromethane ma ka mahana o ka lumi no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hou. Ma ke ʻano he hōʻike o ka manaʻo, hiki iā Morado ke hoʻololi i nā elastomers i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hoʻopili ʻana a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa i nā mea hoʻopili.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hemahema nui o kēia ʻano hana hou ʻana, ʻo ia ke kumukūʻai a me ka ʻawahia o nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hopena. No laila, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā mea noiʻi e ʻimi i kahi ʻano hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa e hoʻokō ai i ke kaʻina hana like ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe palupalu e like me ka vīnega no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ka hale ʻo Harbin Dong'anpepas ʻoihanae hahai pono hoʻi i ka hana hou o ka ʻoihana a hoʻomau i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā i ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻenehana palekana kaiapuni, e hoʻomau i ka hana hou ʻana e hoʻolilo i nā panela polyurethane o Dong'an i mea aloha kaiapuni a olakino hoʻi. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei hoʻi mākou e hānau ʻia nā ʻenehana palekana kaiapuni hou aʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-09-2023